What caliphate followed the Umayyad caliphate?

Abbasids
In 750, the Abbasids, a rival clan to the Umayyads, rose to power and overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate. They took control and formed the Abbasid Caliphate which would rule much of the Islamic world for the next several hundred years.

Which was the Centre of administration of the Umayyad dynasty?

One of these governors, Mu’awiya I, fought the First Muslim Civil War in 661 and established the Umayyad Caliphate with its capital in Damascus, Syria.

Who were the most famous heroes of Umayyad dynasty?

Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik, was an Umayyad prince and one of the most prominent Arab generals of the early decades of the 8th century, leading several campaigns against the Byzantine Empire and the Khazar Khaganate.

Why did Umayyad caliphate fall?

The ʿAbbasids were descended from an uncle of Muhammad. Seeing the weaknesses of the Umayyads, they declared a revolt in 747. With the help of a coalition of Persians, Iraqis, and Shīʿites, they put an end to the Umayyad dynasty with a victory against them at the Battle of the Great Zab River in 750.

Who defeated the Umayyad dynasty?

The Abbasids
The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad dynasty in 750 CE, supporting the mawali, or non-Arab Muslims, by moving the capital to Baghdad in 762 CE. The Persian bureaucracy slowly replaced the old Arab aristocracy as the Abbasids established the new positions of vizier and emir to delegate their central authority.

How did the Umayyads gain power?

The Umayyad family had first come to power under the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644–656), but the Umayyad regime was founded by Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, long-time governor of Syria, after the end of the First Muslim Civil War in 661 CE. Under the Umayyads, the caliphate territory grew rapidly.

What did the 4 caliphs do?

The Four Caliphs were the first four leaders of Islam that succeeded the Prophet Muhammad. They are sometimes called the “Rightly Guided” Caliphs because each of them learned about Islam directly from Muhammad. They also served as Muhammad’s closest friends and advisors during the early years of Islam.

Which movement replaced Umayyads?

The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad dynasty in 750 CE, supporting the mawali, or non-Arab Muslims, by moving the capital to Baghdad in 762 CE. The Persian bureaucracy slowly replaced the old Arab aristocracy as the Abbasids established the new positions of vizier and emir to delegate their central authority.